Showing posts with label suicide. Show all posts
Showing posts with label suicide. Show all posts

Saturday, December 1, 2012

Reflections on Teenagers and Their Thirst for Significance in THE CASUAL VACANCY by J. K. Rowling - Part 4


SPOILER ALERT

This is my fourth and final post with reflections on teenagers and their thirst for signficance in THE CASUAL VACANCY, J. K. Rowling's first novel since her Harry Potter series. This novel for adults is set in the fictional rural English town of Pagford. A "casual vacancy" on the Pagford Parish Council has resulted from the sudden death of council member Barry Fairbrother, due to an aneurysm. The process of filling the vacant council seat reveals the dark underbelly of the seemingly idyllic town of Pagford.

This post continues and concludes my reflections on a prominent theme in the novel: teenagers and their thirst for significance during that in-between time when one is no longer a child but not yet an adult. This theme shows up in the dis-empowering treatment of teenagers in Pagford, in teens' attention to autonomous thoughts, in their striving for authenticity, in the importance they accord to secret places, in smoking behavior, in sexual behavior, in bullying behavior, in the practice of self-cutting, in the ability to act significantly but anonymously afforded by the Internet, in sports, in family aspirations, in possessing valuable objects, and in suicide.

My previous three posts reflect on dis-empowerment, autonomous thoughts, authenticity, secret places, smoking, sexual behavior, bullying, cutting, and Internet anonymity. This post will reflect on sports, family aspirations, valuable objects, and suicide.

KRYSTAL WEEDON. In this post, we turn our attention to a teenager in THE CASUAL VACANCY whom I haven't yet mentioned in my posts on teens' thirst for significance in Rowling's novel. This is sixteen-year-old Krystal Weedon, a classmate of Andrew Price, Fats Wall, and Sukhvinder Jawanda, a resident of the Fields, and one of the "undeserving" poor. Krystal certainly has a troubled background. She is the third child of Terri Weedon, who is a drug addict and a prostitute. Krystal doesn't know her elder brother and sister, both of whom were removed from the home by social workers and were raised by others. Krystal lives with her mother, Terri, and her four-year-old brother, Robbie. I would characterize Krystal as a young girl with a good heart, an abrasive manner, and a tendency to act on impulse. She is struggling against great odds to keep her mother off drugs and their family of three intact. She also has a rough and sassy attitude, street smarts, and heightened sexual energy.

SPORTS. One way that Krystal reaches for significance is through sports. Krystal is a member of her school's rowing team. The team was formed by Barry Fairbrother, the recently deceased Pagford Parish Council member. Barry grew up in the poor Fields area and succeeded in moving into the solid middle class of Pagford. He has a heart for residents of the Fields and a desire to encourage Krystal Weedon. He took it upon himself to volunteer to form and coach a girl's rowing team at the high school, and he quickly singled out Krystal as a girl with natural strength, coordination, and rowing ability. Krystal became a valuable member of the rowing team, a positive and productive way of being significant. Her team members were inspired by her skill and her confidence in competition.

FAMILY ASPIRATIONS. Here is a beautiful thing about Krystal. She dreams of emulating her great grand-mother, Nana Cath (Catherine Weedon), who, until her death, provides a safe place where Krystal can retreat when she needs to. Nana Cath is protective and loving, yet also stern and forbidding at times. Krystal dreams of having a child - in fact, she has sex with Fats Wall in the hope of becoming pregnant, knowing that Fats' parents would help her out if she were having their grand-child. She imagines herself in a home that Fats' parents would help to provide for her, a home that would also be a haven for her four-year-old brother, Robbie. Here is what J. K. Rowling says about Krystal Weedon's family aspirations on page 328.

[In having sex with Fats, what Krystal] wanted was the baby: the baby was more than a means to an end. She liked babies; she had always loved Robbie. She would keep the two of them safe, together; she would be like a better, kinder, younger Nana Cath to her family.

This dream is never fulfilled, but it shows a very generous side of a young girl who is often looked down upon because of her "unsavory" family background. The one bright spot in Krystal's family, along with her brother Robbie, is Nana Cath, and this is how Krystal dreams of being significant - by loving and protecting her family as she has seen Nana Cath do, and even by improving upon what she has seen in Nana Cath's methods: "she would be a better, kinder, younger Nana Cath to her family" (page 328).

Krystal aspires to take the few positive elements of her family life and build her own life upon them. We can question her method of getting pregnant by Fats Wall so as to have Colin and Tessa Wall's grand-child and hence their help, but for a teenager with very few life options, it is a generous plan, one in which Krystal seeks significance through what she can give to her family.

POSSESSING SPECIAL OBJECTS. This way of feeling significant is not surprising for Krystal Weedon, who has had so little of her own in life. Krystal likes to take things that don't belong to her, preferably things that belong to people who are significant in Krystal's life. One interesting instance of this is the wrist-watch belonging to Tessa Wall, who is Krystal's guidance counselor at school and whose grand-child Krystal would like to have. It is interesting to trace the path of Tessa's watch through the novel after Krystal takes it.

I confess that I have felt contemptuous of kleptomaniacs. I can sort of understand shop-lifting, since one doesn't have a personal relationship with the store owner, and indeed, the store may be a large chain store. I can see that a person might shop-lift without feeling that they were harming anyone in any way. But to take something that belongs to a friend or an acquaintance - surely anyone would know that this is wrong.

J. K. Rowling's character Krystal Weedon, however, gives me a different perspective on this. Krystal takes things from people she admires without really understanding why she does it. But given the harsh realities of Krystal's life, I think I can see the reason. Perhaps having something from an admired person means a deeper connection with that person and with that person's significance. In having Tessa Wall's wrist-watch, Krystal may feel a closer connection with Tessa. Perhaps, also, in Krystal's sub-conscious mind, some of Tessa's significance is transferred to Krystal through this object. I think that there is a way to understand what looks like theft as a yearning for a deeper connection with an admired person and as a yearning for one's own significance.

SUICIDE. At the end of the novel, Krystal Weedon commits suicide. She does this right after learning of her four-year-old brother Robbie's death, for which she blames herself. While Krystal was having sex by the river with Fats Wall in an attempt to become pregnant and thus receive the Walls' help in obtaining a home for herself, her baby-to-be, and Robbie -- Robbie, who was supposed to be in Krystal's care, fell into the river and drowned. On learning this, Krystal rushes home, barricades herself in the bathroom, and injects herself with enough of her mother's heroin to kill herself. On page 480, Rowling explains, "Robbie was dead, and it was her fault. In trying to save him, she had killed him." Then on page 481, Rowling says, "Krystal Weedon had achieved her only ambition: she had joined her brother where nobody could part them."

Krystal Weedon was a generous and capable girl who could have grown into a strong and kind-hearted woman with much to give to the world. Because Krystal's home life was so abysmal, she needed a mentor, such as she had in Barry Fairbrother, until he died.

So much was stacked against Krystal, and in the end, she didn't make it. Here was one more loss - the loss of her precious little brother, Robbie - piled upon the very recent loss of her mentor, Barry Fairbrother, and of her protective great grand-mother, Nana Cath. Krystal's impulsiveness took over, probably coupled with overwhelming grief piled upon grief, and the resultant despair.

This world had become impossible for Krystal - or at least, it seemed that way to her. The people who had given significance to Krystal's life were no longer in this world. So Krystal reached out into the spirit world, where she could join Robbie - and Nana Cath and Mr. Fairbrother - the people who had given her life its meaning.

My next post will turn from the teenagers in THE CASUAL VACANCY to reflections upon the adults.

Sunday, February 21, 2010

Thoughts & Questions about Manic-Depressive Illness


I have recently read two books by Kay Redfield Jamison: An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness and Night Falls Fast: Understanding Suicide. Kay is a Professor of Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. She also has manic-depressive illness, which she is able to control by taking lithium.

Kay describes what it is like for someone with severe mental illness to watch their mind unravel. It is absolutely horrifying to be trapped inside an unraveling mind. One cannot control one's thoughts, which race so fast that nothing makes sense. One sees and hears things that aren't there, often very frightening things. One watches the distress on the faces of one's family and friends, who simply cannot comprehend one's behavior. One behaves in ways that cause one intense shame.

One often ends the pain by committing suicide.

Some of the things Kay describes, particularly concerning mania, seem incredible to me. Someone in the early stages of mania feels on top of the world. She feels invulnerable. She is full of over-the-top energy, putting her on a high. In this state, things make sense that would never make sense in a normal mood. A person in mania will often dress provocatively, initiate unwise sexual encounters, and spend thousands of dollars on unneeded merchandise. When the mania ends and a normal mood returns, this person is faced with the shame of what she has done and with the bills she has accumulated for appalling purchases that made perfect sense in the manic state but which now make no sense at all.

If the illness is not treated, it escalates. The mania becomes so intense that the person cannot stay still, cannot sleep, and cannot control her cascading thoughts. The person may become paranoid and even violent.

Eventually depression follows the mania with its all-encompassing heavy blackness that sucks all joy from life. Life becomes unbearable, and suicide is often the result. The pain of an unraveling mind and the inability to do anything to stop it is excruciating.

Yes, there are now treatments for manic-depressive illness, but for centuries there were no treatments, and even today, not everyone responds to the treatments. For some people, the current treatments don't work.

Descriptions of losing one's mind--as happens in manic-depressive illness, in depression, in schizophrenia, and in Alzheimer's disease--are truly horrifying. For me, this raises an important question: How does God fit into this? How can I conceive of a God who would design a brain capable of such horrible suffering?

I can at least begin to understand other types of physical suffering that keep the mind intact. People are able to endure these, sometimes with great grace and courage. I can also begin to understand suffering inflicted by humans. Again, people do endure this, sometimes with remarkable love and forgiveness. But how does one endure an illness that causes one's very mind to unravel. Without a functioning mind, with what does one do the enduring?

So it's hard for me to envision a way of seeing God that includes severe mental illness. It makes me wonder why on earth God couldn't design a brain incapable of such unraveling.

And what does God expect of someone with severe manic-depressive illness? It's clear that a person in mania often violates normal standards of morality in the areas of sex, finances, and kindness to others.

And what does God expect of the spouse of someone with manic-depressive illness? I don't see how it's possible to live with a manic-depressive spouse who has sex with others, runs up impossible bills, and is violently paranoid. Manic-depressive illness is devastating to the spouse, family, and friends of the person with the illness. A good friend of my mother's had a daughter with severe mental illness who simply refused to take medication to control her illness and absolutely drove her family nuts with her uncontrollably wild behavior. She also had a number of unwise pregnancies and brought babies into the world with no means of providing for them. Yes, I understand that a person with manic-depressive illness is truly ill, but what is the person's family supposed to do with a person who causes utter havoc in the lives of everyone around her? Is the family supposed to just exist in utter havoc? What does God expect of the spouse and the family in this situation?

So these are my questions:

  • How can I conceive of a God who would design our brains to be capable of the horrifying pain of an unraveling mind as happens in severe mental illness?
  • What does God expect of a person with severe mental illness?
  • What does God expect of the spouse and family of a person with severe mental illness?